Periodontics

The first stage of periodontal disease is known as gingivitis. At this point, the gums appear normal, but may also be red or swollen and bleed easily when you brush. Bad breath can also occur at this stage. All of these symptoms likely mean that plaque bacteria has begun. Plaque pockets of 1 to 2 mm can be plainly seen.

The second stage is called early periodontitis, where the infection has now spread from the gum to the jaw bone. Bacteria form small spaces between the gums and the teeth, called pockets. The larger a pocket becomes, the more bacteria penetrates and the more your gum recedes. Unfortunately, this now exposes the root of the tooth and increases the depth of the pocket; which has now grown to about 3 to 4 mm.

We call the third stage, moderate periodontics. Here we can now clearly see the root of the tooth. It is possible that by this point, one-third of the bone may have been lost.

Finally, we reach advanced periodontics. By stage 4, more than half of the bone has been lost and the plaque pockets are very deep. The affected tooth (or teeth) now strangely appears longer. This is simply because the root, which should be concealed and protected by the gum, is now exposed and vulnerable.

Brushing and flossing your teeth daily is key to preventing periodontal disease. Of course, it’s also very important to have regular examinations by your dentist. When the disease is moderate or advanced, curettage is typically performed. Curettage is a procedure that scrapes away the tartar and bacteria from the plaque pocket. In addition, old crowns and fillings which no longer fit properly may also contain bacteria, leading to periodontal disease. If such is the case, it’s prudent to replace them.